Capacities of hybrid immunity: objective realities
AbstractIntroduction. The formation of long-term immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 in the population is an important goal for creating reliable «community immunity».
The aim of the study – to study the features of the formation of hybrid immunity under conditions of previous infection and subsequent vaccination.
Material and methods. 60 patients who had COVID-19 and/or were vaccinated with a vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigens were examined. The comparison group consisted of 20 practically healthy donors. The dynamics of immunological parameters during the formation of post-infectious, post-vaccination and hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 were assessed.
Results. In patients with COVID-19, compared with practically healthy individuals, a decrease in the functional parameters of monocyte cells was noted; activation of T lymphocytes, a decrease in the level of B2 lymphocytes with an increase in the proportion of B1 lymphocytes. In the post-vaccination period, non-COVID-19 patients showed a decrease in the level of HLA-DR+ and TLR9+ monocytes, an increase in the level of T-regulatory cells against the background of increased expression of activation markers of T and B lymphocytes with a change in the ratio due to the B1 phenotype. In conditions of hybrid immunity, the level of memory T lymphocytes was increased, the functional activity of B lymphocytes was enhanced with a slight increase in the content of B1 lymphocytes.
Conclusion. The advantages of hybrid immunity over other variants are shown, consisting in the smallest shifts in key immunological indicators of innate and adaptive immunity with reliable increase of the synthesis of specific antibodies to various antigenic determinants of the virus.
Keywords:coronavirus infection; COVID-19; vaccination; hybrid immunity
For citation: Sizyakina L.P., Zakurskaya V.Ya, Andreeva I.I. Capacities of hybrid immunity: objective realities. Immunologiya. 2024; 45 (3): 300–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/1816-2134-2024-45-3-300-311 (in Russian)
Funding. The study had no sponsor support.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Authors’ contribution. Research concept and design – Sizyakina L.P.; collection and processing of material – Zakurskaya V.Ya.; text writing, editing – Andreeva I.I., Zakurskaya V.Ya.; the final version and the integrity of the text – Sizyakina L.P.
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